Modern political map of the world
Form: test lesson.
Lesson objectives: consolidation of the studied material, testing knowledge and skills on the topic. The formation of a geographical culture, the formation of geographical thinking about the political map, about the main problems and directions of world development, the technology of countries, the political system, about the features of international relations at the present stage.
Lesson equipment: political map of the world, textbook, atlases, directory “Countries of the World”, geographical directories.
During the classes
Students work during the lesson in writing and orally. For written assignments, they prepare a knowledge record sheet in advance, which is filled out gradually and submitted at the end of the lesson.
Stage I. Oral questions and assignments. Students answer from their seats and at the board, working with the political map.
1. What is called a political map of the world? How many countries are there on the political map of the world? (230.)
2. What is a sovereign state? How many sovereign states are there on the political map of the world? (195)
3. On the political map of the world, show the 7 largest countries in the world by territory. (Russia, Canada, China, USA, Brazil, Australia, India.)
4. On the political map of the world, show 5 countries with a population of more than 100 million people. (China, India, USA, Brazil, Indonesia.)
5. On the political map of the world, show several peninsular countries (India, Italy, Turkey), island countries (Great Britain, Jamaica, Cuba, Cyprus), and archipelagic countries.
Stage II. Students begin to work with a sheet of knowledge and skills.
What do the following countries have in common?
Option I
A. The USA, Germany, France, Great Britain, Japan are all members of the G8.
B. Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Bahrain, Iran are oil exporting countries.
Option II
A. Australia, New Zealand, South Africa are countries of settler capitalism.
B. South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan - newly industrialized countries.
Which of the following countries could be examples:
A. Countries with a republican form of government. (Bulgaria, Poland, Great Britain, France, Japan, Saudi Arabia.)
B. Countries with a federal administrative-territorial structure. (Great Britain, Cuba, USA, France, India, Egypt, Brazil.)
Stage III. Orally. “The most - the most on the political map of the world.” This stage of the lesson can be carried out in the form of group work in the form of a competition.
Questions
1. The largest state in the world by area. (Russia, 5 = 17.01 million km2)
2. The world's smallest independent state. (Vatican City, 5 = 0.44 ha.)
3- The smallest property in the world. (Gibraltar - 6.5 km2)
4. A state whose territory (excluding possessions) is located simultaneously in the northern, southern, eastern and western hemispheres. (Republic of Kiribati.)
5. States located in two parts of the world. (Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkey, Denmark from Greenland, Spain from the Canary Islands, Portugal from Madeira.)
6. The largest island state by area. (Republic of Indonesia - 1904 thousand km2)
7. The oldest republic in the world and at the same time the oldest existing state in Europe. (San Marino, republic since 301 AD)
9. Youngest State (Republic of Palau, 1994)
11. The southernmost capital of the state (Wellington. New Zealand - 41° 18 "S, 174°48" E)
Stage IV. Students work with a sheet of knowledge and skills. ( In writing.)
Topic keywords. Define the terms.
Option I
1. Republic.
2. Federal state.
Option II
1. Monarchy.
2. Unitary state.
Fill in the blanks in the following sentences
Option I
The main criterion for the typology of countries modern world serves... (the level of socio-economic development) of a particular state, expressed through the indicator... (GDP) per capita.
Option II
Regional and local conflicts are based on either... (border disputes) or... (religious-ethnic contradictions).
V stage. Done orally. In advance, students were asked to do their homework: write down the toponymic names of any 5 states and their capital in their workbooks.
Class: 10
- Consider the features of various historical eras and stages of the formation of the modern political map of the world, its quantitative and qualitative changes.
- Consider a typology of countries based on qualitative characteristics that take into account the level of socio-economic development of the countries of the world.
- Consider the diversity of countries in the modern world. Explore different shapes states
- The concept of geopolitics.
Equipment: computer, multimedia console, political map of the world, map of the hemispheres, atlases.
During the classes
1. Organizational moment.
2. Studying new material.
Slide 3. Characteristics of the main stages in the formation of a modern political map (on the monitor, the slide “Stages in the formation of a political map of the world”, the teacher sequentially gives a description of each stage.)
- Ancient (before the 5th century AD) – the emergence and collapse of the first states.
- Medieval (V–XVI centuries) – the emergence of large feudal states in Europe and Asia.
- New (XVI–XIX centuries) – formation of a colonial empire
- The newest (first half of the 20th century) – the formation of socialist countries, the collapse of the colonial system.
- Modern, in which there are three main stages:
A) the emergence of the world socialist system, the formation of independent states in Asia.
B) Formation of independent African states.
C) The collapse of the socialist economic system and the subsequent changes on the political map of Europe and Asia.
Slide 4. States are the main object on the political map of the world. The map is a dynamic system, quantitative changes occur here (territorial acquisitions, losses, voluntary concessions) and qualitative changes (change of formation, conquest of sovereignty, introduction of a new government system). The teacher explains how these changes have occurred over the last 100 years.
Slide 5, 6, 7. The typology of countries in the modern world is based on the level of socio-economic development of the state, expressed through the gross domestic product (GDP) and a synthetic indicator (HDI) - the human development index.
The first group consists of economically developed countries ( slide 5), which is divided into 3 subgroups:
- G7 countries, GDP per capita ranges from 20–30 thousand dollars;
- smaller countries of Western Europe, GDP from 20–30 thousand dollars;
- countries of settler capitalism.
The second group of countries with economies in transition ( slide 6), there are 2 subgroups:
- former socialist countries of Eastern Europe;
- post-socialist.
The third group is developing countries, which are divided into 6 subgroups:
- key countries, GDP is about $350;
- countries of Latin America, some countries of Asia and countries of North Africa, GDP more than $1000;
- “Asian dragons” - new industrial countries;
- Oil exporters;
- most developing countries in Africa, Asia, Latin America, GDP less than $1000;
- least developed countries, GDP 100 – 300 dollars.
Consideration of the most common grouping of countries ( slide 8, 9, 10)
Slide 8: Territories are classified according to size. Students work with atlas maps and give examples.
- countries are giants, their area is more than 3 million km 2;
- countries are large, with an area of more than 500 thousand km 2;
- microstates.
Slide 9: By population
- giant countries with a population of more than 100 million people;
- middle countries;
- microstates, population of up to 30 thousand people.
Slide 10: By geographical location. Students, working with atlas maps, give examples for each type:
- countries with coastal location
- peninsular countries
- island countries
- inland countries
Slides 11, 12, 13, 14 correspond to the division of modern countries of the world according to the form of government. The teacher characterizes each form of government, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of each, giving examples of each type.
- Republics – presidential, parliamentary, mixed;
- Monarchies – constitutional, absolute, theocratic;
- Commonwealth;
- Libya.
Slides 15 division of countries according to the characteristics of the territorial-state structure, characterizing each type.
- Unitary states (single legislative and executive powers);
- Federal state (along with unified laws there are separate self-governing entities);
- Confederation (a temporary union of states to achieve some common goal).
Slide 16 The teacher characterizes the influence of international relations on the political map of the world. Considers issues related to changing ideas about geopolitics in recent times. Gives examples of “hot spots”, considering the reasons that underlie their appearance. They consider the issues that face political geography and consolidate the concept of geopolitics.
3. Lesson summary.
Students are encouraged to complete assignments on this topic on their own. Slide 17-18.
4. Homework assignment.
Paragraph 19-22, put on the contour map states with a monarchical form of government and states with a federal territorial-state structure.
Preparing for cancer. Geography.
Abstract 38. Modern political map of the world. International organizations. Typology of countries of the world
Modern political map of the world
Basic terms and concepts
A political map of the World– territorial and political characteristics of the world, continents, geographical regions, reflected on a geographical map.
State- sovereign political entities that have power in a certain territory and conduct their economic activities on it.
Dependent territories- countries that are under the rule of foreign metropolitan states and are deprived of political sovereignty and economic independence.
Republic- a form of government in which power belongs to elected representative bodies.
Monarchy- a form of government in which supreme state power is concentrated in the hands of one person, who receives it, as a rule, by inheritance.
Unitary states– countries that do not have autonomous territorial units.
Federation– states where, along with unified (federal) laws and authorities, they have separate autonomous territorial units (states, provinces, lands, republics).
Typology– division of countries depending on the level of their economic development.
Monoculture farming– narrow specialization in several or even one industry.
Lesson topic
The purpose of the lesson
- to form in students a concept of the political map of the world
- familiarize yourself with the modern political map of the world and learn how to use it.
Lesson Objectives
- learn to use a political map of the world, find countries on the map.
Lesson Plan
- Structure of a political map. Country classification
- History of the formation of the political map
- Stages of formation of a political map in modern times
Structure of a political map. Country classification
A thematic map on which the borders of all countries of the world, the state borders of all countries of the world are shown with certain highlights. Has the property of changing over time.
Nowadays, there are about 230 countries that differ from each other in various indicators, namely:
Geographical location;
The size of the territory;
Number and national composition population;
Form of government;
State structure;
Level of socio-economic development.
1. monarchy
Constitutional - Norway, Sweden, Great Britain;
Unitary - Hungary, France.
History of the formation of the political map
The beginning of the formation of the political map of the world dates back several thousand years, and is divided into several periods.
Ancient (before the 5th century AD),
Medieval (V - XV centuries)
New (XVI - late XIX V.)
Recent periods (from the beginning of the 20th century)
How the map of Europe has changed over 100 years
As already noted, the political map tends to change over time, so the latest territorial changes are associated with the course of two world wars, during which some states disappeared from it, while others, on the contrary, arose.
Stages of formation of a political map in modern times
First stage was, which lasted between the end of the first and the beginning of the second world wars, gave rise to a great state (the RSFSR, and later the USSR). Other equally significant states were also created, such as Czechoslovakia, Austria and Hungary. To the countries. Another great country, the Ottoman Empire, collapsed.
Second phase, which began at the end of the Second World War, caused the collapse of post-Hitler Germany into two separate states: the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic. The socialist state of Cuba was created, as were other states in Asia, Oceania, Africa, and Latin America.
The beginning of the 1990s gave rise to third stage V modern history. During this period, the decline of the most powerful state that ever existed - the USSR - occurred. After its collapse, many republics became part of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). Since October 1990 The two parts of the German state of the GDR and the FDR reunited. Czechoslovakia split into two smaller independent states - the Czech Republic and Slovakia. In 1999, the UK returned Hong Kong to the jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China (PRC). By now, there are not many dependent states left, which are mainly located in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.
Political map of the world from 1800 to 2011
The changes occurring on the political map are classified as quantitative and qualitative.
Quantitative - these are changes associated primarily with acquisitions and losses of dependent territories.
Qualitative ones are characterized by a change from one formation to another, the introduction of a new state university to replace the old one.
Typology of countries of the world- this is the problem that for a long time are engaged in by both economists and political scientists, as well as representatives of other sciences. It is generally accepted that typology refers to historical categories. Until the early 90s, existing countries were divided according to three topographic criteria:
Socialist
Capitalist
Developing.
Currently, under the influence of the market economy, such a criterion has been added as gross domestic product(this is the cost of all finished products for the year), as well as the human development index.
Thus, all countries can be divided:
- Economically developed countries
This includes the G7 countries, where per capita GDP ranges from $20,000 to $30,000.
- Developing countries
Countries that are key to the global economy as a whole, but whose GDP per capita is around $350. This also includes oil-exporting countries such as Saudi Arabia and Iraq.
The place of any country, both on the political map of the world and in typology, changes over time.
In 1999, Professor Chuvyrov found a fragment of a map in the Urals. This is a hefty slab, its dimensions are about one meter by one and a half, its thickness is about 16 cm. The area that is depicted on it is very well known to scientists. This is the Ufa Upland, the Ufa Canyon, this fault in the earth’s crust, stretching from Ufa to Sterlitamak, is the most important point of evidence. Geological surveys confirmed the location of a fault in the earth's crust in the place indicated on the map. The Military Topographical Directorate of the General Staff of the Russian Armed Forces conducted a space survey in 2007 and issued a corresponding conclusion.
The map is three-layered. A very durable stone - dolomite - was used as the base. A layer of so-called is applied to it. "diopside glass". It is on this layer that the volumetric relief of the area is reproduced. Finally, the third, two-millimeter protective layer is made of white matte porcelain of special strength. Such a map can only be made using currently fashionable nanotechnology.
Who didn't believe that words are the most powerful weapon in the world? That a word can create and destroy empires? And these statements are proven by the Typomaps political map of the world, created by German designer Dirk Schachter, which combines elements of typography and topography.
Homework
1. Mark on the contour map:
Federal (confederal) countries
Monarchies
Island states
2. Prepare cards with a list of European countries and their capitals
Used sources
1. Alekseev A.I., Nikolina V.V. Geography
2. Dushina I.V., Korinskaya V.A., Shchenev V.A. Geography
3. Dushina I.V., Pritula T.Yu., Smoktunovich T.L. Geography
We worked on the lesson
Cobweb Anna
Posynyak Oleg
Alekseev A.I.
Dushina I.V.
Compiled and edited by Oleg Posynyak
You can raise a question about modern education, express an idea or solve a pressing problem at Educational forum, where an educational council of fresh thought and action meets internationally. Having created blog, You will not only increase your status as a competent teacher, but also make a significant contribution to the development of the school of the future. Guild of Educational Leaders opens doors to top-ranking specialists and invites them to cooperate in creating the best schools in the world.
This lesson is the first lesson in 10th grade. This lesson introduces new terms and briefly describes the main objectives of the course. Students become familiar with the significance of the economic and social geography of the world, its features, and main concepts. In addition, the lesson examines the features of the modern political map of the world, its quantitative and qualitative shifts.
Topic: Modern political map of the world
Lesson: Political Map of the World
Economic and social geography of the world - social science that studies the patterns of territorial distribution of social production, the conditions and features of its development and location in various countries and regions.
Economic and social geography combines elements of geography, economics, sociology; it widely uses various research methods of both geographical science and other disciplines.
The subject of research in economic and social geography is the territorial aspect of social reproduction in specific socio-historical conditions.
The political map acts as an important tool for mastering knowledge of geography in grades 10 and 11. There are more than 230 countries on the modern political map of the world.
Rice. 1. Political map of the world
Types of changes in the political map of the world - various transformations on the political map.
Changes are quantitative and qualitative.
Quantitative changes:
1. Annexation of newly discovered lands to the territory of the state.
2. Acquisition or loss of lands after the war.
3. Voluntary concessions.
4. Disintegration or annexation of territories.
Qualitative changes:
1. Changes in the political system in the country.
2. Formation of military blocs.
3. Formation of economic unions.
In economic and social geography there are two important concepts: borders and territories.
Country border- this is a line and a vertical surface passing through it dividing the territory state sovereignty(which includes land, water, subsoil).
Borders are established based on agreements between states. There are two ways to designate state boundaries:
1. Delimitation - defining boundaries on the map.
2. Demarcation - defining and marking boundaries on the ground with special boundary signs.
Sovereign State- a politically independent state with independence in internal and external affairs. The state is the main object of the political map of the world.
Boundaries differ in the way they are drawn:
1. Orographic boundaries - are drawn along natural boundaries (rivers, mountains, etc.).
Examples: Russia - China, Russia - Georgia, USA - Mexico.
2. Geometric boundaries - drawn along straight lines without taking into account the terrain.
Examples: Niger - Mali, Chad - Libya, Libya - Egypt.
3. Astronomical boundaries - drawn through points with certain geographical coordinates.
Examples: USA - Canada.
Rice. 2. Border between the USA and Canada
Territory- this is a part of the earth’s surface with its inherent anthropogenic and natural resources and conditions.
Territories can be state, international or mixed regime.
State territory- an area of the earth's surface that is under the sovereignty of a state.
The state territory includes land, internal waters, territorial waters and subsoil.
Territorial waters are a strip of coastal waters ranging from 3 to 12 nautical miles wide.
1 nautical mile - 1852 meters.
Territories with international regime- territories lying outside the state territory. These terrestrial spaces are in the common use of all states in accordance with international law.
Examples include Antarctica and outer space.
Territory with mixed regime- these are areas of the World Ocean, the bottom outside the territorial waters.
Special territorial regimes- These are international legal regimes that determine the procedure for using any territory.
Non-Self-Governing Territories:
1. Colonies.
2. Overseas departments or freely associated states.
The colony- is a dependent territory that is under the authority of a foreign state (the metropolis), without independent political and economic power, governed on the basis of a special regime.
Examples include small island states in the Pacific Ocean.
Currently, on the political map of the world there is great amount disputed territories.
Examples of such territories are Gibraltar, the Falkland Islands, Western Sahara, the Kuril Islands, and Nagorno-Karabakh.
As a result, there are unrecognized or partially recognized states- territories that independently declared their sovereignty without the consent of the UN.
Examples: Republic of Northern Cyprus, Kosovo, Taiwan.
Homework
Topic 1, P. 1
- What is a colony? In what parts of the world did colonial possessions remain?
Bibliography
Main
1. Geography. A basic level of. 10-11 grades: Textbook for educational institutions/ A.P. Kuznetsov, E.V. Kim. - 3rd ed., stereotype. - M.: Bustard, 2012. - 367 p.
2. Economic and social geography of the world: Textbook. for 10th grade educational institutions / V.P. Maksakovsky. - 13th ed. - M.: Education, JSC "Moscow Textbooks", 2005. - 400 p.
3. Rodionova I.A., Elagin S.A., Kholina V.N., Sholudko A.N. Economic, social and political geography: world, regions, countries: Educational and reference manual / Ed. prof. I.A. Rodionova. - M.: Ekon-Inform, 2008. - 492 p.
4. Universal atlas of the world / Yu.N. Golubchikov, S.Yu. Shokarev. - M.: Design. Information. Cartography: AST: Astrel, 2008. - 312 p.
5. Atlas with a set of outline maps for grade 10. Economic and social geography of the world. - Omsk: FSUE "Omsk Cartographic Factory", 2012. - 76 p.
Additional
- Economic and social geography of Russia: Textbook for universities / Ed. prof. A.T. Khrushchev. - M.: Bustard, 2001. - 672 p.: ill., map.: color. on
Encyclopedias, dictionaries, reference books and statistical collections
- Geography: a reference book for high school students and those entering universities. - 2nd ed., rev. and revision - M.: AST-PRESS SCHOOL, 2008. - 656 p.
Literature for preparing for the State Exam and the Unified State Exam
1. Test materials. Geography: 10th grade / Comp. E.A. Zhizhina. - M.: VAKO, 2012. - 96 p.
2. The most complete edition of standard versions of real Unified State Examination tasks: 2010: Geography / Comp. Yu.A. Solovyova. - M.: Astrel, 2010. - 221 p.
3. The optimal bank of tasks for preparing students. Unified State Exam 2012. Geography: Tutorial/ Comp. EM. Ambartsumova, S.E. Dyukova. - M.: Intellect-Center, 2012. - 256 p.
4. The most complete edition of standard versions of real Unified State Examination tasks: 2010: Geography / Comp. Yu.A. Solovyova. - M.: AST: Astrel, 2010. - 223 p.
5. State final certification of 9th grade graduates new form. Geography. 2013: Textbook / V.V. Barabanov. - M.: Intellect-Center, 2013. - 80 p.
6. Unified State Exam 2010. Geography. Collection of tasks / Yu.A. Solovyova. - M.: Eksmo, 2009. - 272 p.
7. Geography tests: 10th grade: to the textbook by V.P. Maksakovsky “Economic and social geography of the world. 10th grade” / E.V. Baranchikov. - 2nd ed., stereotype. - M.: Publishing house "Exam", 2009. - 94 p.
